Melatonin is a hormone that is naturally produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, also known as the circadian rhythm. The production of melatonin is influenced by the detection of light and darkness by the eyes. Typically, melatonin levels rise in the evening as it gets darker, signaling to the body that it is time to prepare for sleep. Conversely, melatonin levels drop in the morning when it becomes light, helping to promote wakefulness.Melatonin is also available as a dietary supplement and is often used to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia or to help with sleep issues related to jet lag or shift work. These supplements are generally considered safe for short-term use, although it is always advisable to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.In addition to its role in sleep regulation, melatonin has antioxidant properties and is being studied for its potential benefits in other areas of health, including immune function and seasonal affective disorder. However, more research is needed to fully understand these potential benefits.
