Acid-Base Imbalance

Acid-Base Imbalance refers to a disruption in the body's normal pH levels, which are crucial for maintaining various physiological processes. The body typically maintains a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45 in the blood. When this balance is disturbed, it can lead to either acidosis or alkalosis.Acidosis occurs when the blood pH drops below 7.35, indicating an excess of hydrogen ions or a deficiency of bicarbonate ions. This can result from conditions such as respiratory issues, where the lungs fail to expel enough carbon dioxide, or metabolic problems, where the kidneys are unable to excrete enough acid or retain enough bicarbonate.Alkalosis, on the other hand, happens when the blood pH rises above 7.45, indicating a deficiency of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate ions. This condition can be caused by hyperventilation, leading to excessive expulsion of carbon dioxide, or by metabolic factors such as prolonged vomiting, which causes a loss of stomach acids.Symptoms of acid-base imbalance can vary widely depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the imbalance. Common symptoms may include confusion, fatigue, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeats. In severe cases, it can lead to shock or even death.Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure pH, carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the imbalance and may include medications, respiratory support, or intravenous fluids to restore normal pH levels.Maintaining acid-base balance is essential for the proper functioning of enzymes and other biochemical processes in the body. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment of any imbalance are crucial for overall health and well-being.