Zea mays, commonly known as corn or maize, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. It is a member of the grass family Poaceae and is one of the most widely grown crops in the world. The plant typically grows to a height of 2 to 3 meters, although some varieties can reach up to 6 meters. Corn has a distinct structure with a sturdy, jointed stem and large, narrow leaves that can grow up to 1 meter in length. The plant produces ears, which are the female inflorescences, and tassels, which are the male inflorescences. The ears contain rows of kernels that can vary in color, including yellow, white, red, blue, and black, depending on the variety. These kernels are rich in carbohydrates and are used in a multitude of ways, from direct consumption as food to being processed into products like cornmeal, corn syrup, and ethanol. Corn is also a critical feed crop for livestock. Its versatility and high yield make it a staple in agricultural economies around the world.
