Ulmus rubra

Ulmus rubra, commonly known as slippery elm or red elm, is a species of elm native to eastern North America. This deciduous tree typically reaches heights of 40 to 60 feet, with some specimens growing up to 80 feet tall. The bark is reddish-brown to dark gray and becomes rough and fissured with age. One of the distinguishing features of Ulmus rubra is its inner bark, which is mucilaginous and has been traditionally used for its soothing medicinal properties.The leaves of the slippery elm are oval to oblong, measuring 4 to 8 inches in length, with a serrated margin and a rough, sandpapery texture on the upper surface. In the spring, the tree produces small, inconspicuous, greenish-red flowers that appear before the leaves. These flowers give way to round, winged seeds known as samaras, which are dispersed by the wind.Ulmus rubra is commonly found in moist, well-drained soils along streams, rivers, and in bottomland forests. It is a hardy tree that can tolerate a range of soil conditions but prefers rich, loamy soils. The tree plays an important ecological role, providing habitat and food for various wildlife species.In addition to its ecological importance, slippery elm has been valued by Native American tribes and herbalists for its medicinal properties. The inner bark is often harvested and used to make teas, poultices, and lozenges that are believed to help with sore throats, coughs, digestive issues, and skin irritations.Despite its beneficial uses, Ulmus rubra faces threats from diseases such as Dutch elm disease and elm yellows, as well as habitat loss. Conservation efforts are important to ensure the survival of this valuable and versatile tree species.